Background Information: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common fatal genetic disease affecting Caucasians, with an incidence of 1:3000 live births. With the advances in treatment, there has been an important improvement in life expectancy. It is important for the radiologist to be familiar with the multi-systemic manifestations of CF, and to recognize its complications which will likely become more common as patients live longer. 

Educational Goals/Teaching Points: After reviewing this presentation, participants will be able to recognize the wide spectrum of imaging manifestations in adults with CF, as well as its most common complications. They will be aware of the appropriate radiological follow-up in these patients. They will learn how to improve their radiology reports to better help clinicians. 

Key Anatomic/Physiologic Issues and Imaging Findings/Techniques: We will begin with a brief review of the genetics and pathophysiology of CF. We will discuss the spectrum of imaging manifestations in adults using different modalities from X-rays to MRI, reviewing pulmonary as well as extrapulmonary disease. There will be a brief review of the suggestive signs of CF that can be observed with prenatal ultrasound. We will review the treatment approach, including lung transplantation and its complications in CF patients. We will make some suggestions to improve radiology reports by listing  items that clinicians usually want to know with these patients. 

Conclusion: CF is a common genetic disease with which modern radiologists should be familiar, especially those working in endemic regions. Knowledge of its multi-systemic manifestations and most common complications is important to better help pneumologists and to provide appropriate patient care.

Cystic Fibrosis in the 21st Century : What Every Radiologist Should Know