Osseointegration was defined as a structural and functional connection between a living tissue-bone and the surface of an implant subjected to a functional load. One of the current chalenges of osseointegration is the development of a titanium implant surface that could accelerate or improve osseointegration process. Strategies to achieve this issue include adjustments in surface characteristics like roughness, chemical composition, superficial energy and hydrophilicity that can affect cell behavior in bone-implant interface.
The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the response of osteoblast-like cells grown to four different dental implant surfaces.
Four different dental implant surfaces were tested: sandblasted with acid-etched and calcium phosphates coating (AAMB); double
acid-etched (SW); acid-etched (MP), and anodized (VA). Osteoblast-like cells (Osteo 1) were seeded on the top of these implant
surfaces (5x104 cells/implant). The viability of the cells was assessed at 24, 48 and 72 hours later, using the MTT reduction assay.
The distribution and morhology of the cells was observed in scanning eletron micrographs. Experiments were carried out in triplicate. The cell viability was similar during whole experimental times in all surfaces, except by the double acid-etched surface. At 72 hours
after plating cells grown on the top of the SW surface presented the lowest viability (p = 0.03). Most surface area was covered by the
cells, which exhibited the classical poligonal and filipopia-rich osteoblat-like morphology in all surfaces, except in the SW surface. This
surface was mostly devoid of cells, which were elongated with a flat interface with the implant surface.
The double acid-etching treatment of dental implant surfaces creates a morphlogy that impairs the intimate interface with cultured
osteoblast-like cells. This could have a negative impact in the osseointegration process in vivo.

Influence of the titanium dental implants surfaces on viability of osteoblast-like cells