The surge in natural gas production has incentivized the search for processes that can utilize methane and light olefin derivatives in the manufacture of useful products such as benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX). These are important commodity chemicals that are used as fuel additives and as raw materials in the synthesis of specialty chemicals. Industrial demand is met through processes such as the synthesis of BTX through dehydroaromatization of light olefins or through alkylation of aromatics, typically with the use of zeolites as catalysts. Complex reaction mechanisms determined by the presence of a hydrocarbon pool dominate hydrocarbon chemistry and are challenging to study. These challenges hinder the in-depth understanding of the role of the catalyst and its eventual design for tailored applications.1 In this work, we use density functional theory (DFT) and temporal analysis of products (TAP) to probe hydrocarbon conversion and upgrade in the transient regime of reaction. TAP experiments help probe the intrinsic kinetics of reactant conversion in a well-defined Knudsen transport regime under high-vacuum conditions. We investigated the dimerization and dehydroaromatization of ethylene as case-study for hydrocarbon conversion reactions. The precise control of reactant molecules entering the reactor and responses recorded by a high-resolution mass spectrometer at the reactor outlet in the dehydroaromatization of ethylene suggest that a Lewis acid such as Ag+ or Ga3+ in the zeolite accelerate the retention of long lived carbonaceous species in the zeolite, thus attaining the autocatalytic arene cycle more rapidly. Pulse responses provide qualitative evidence that olefins are strongly bound to the metal-exchanged zeolite samples with delayed desorption, enhancing the rate of hydrocarbon conversion and carbon retention. Overall, our experiments under semi-idealized conditions help provide insight into the crucial primary reactions that initiate the hydrocarbon pool mechanism, thus elucidating the role of extra-framework species such as Ag+ or Ga3+ and their synergy with the Brønsted acid sites in hydrocarbon conversion. The fundamental understanding gained from these experiments will be crucial in deciphering the role of the different zeolitic active sites in model hydrocarbon conversion reactions.

Fundamental insights into hydrocarbon conversion over Lewis and Brønsted acid zeolites using density functional theory and temporal analysis of products

Macromolecular Chemistry: The Second Century

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ACS Spring 2020 National Meeting & Expo

The official archive and repository for all ACS Meetings & Expositions abstracts and select posters or presentations.