Utilizing the high polarity of water we recently established cross-coupling protocols, which allow collection of pure products without involvement of an organic solvent using straightforward filtration. In this presentation we will detail our studies on the influence of water as a solvent on palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. We report palladacyclic as well as amino acid derived catalysts achieving quantitative conversions at room temperature at typical catalyst loadings of 10-4 to 0.1 mol-% in a variety of aqueous cross-coupling reactions. Limitations due to solubility of non-polar reactants in polar aqueous medium can be overcome using MW heating. Under certain conditions the combination of aqueous protocol and microwave heating requires only 10-7 mol-% of palladium to achieve quantitative conversions within 15 min. Comparisons with other solvents proof, that water is a not only �green� but also gives superior results for palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions due to outstanding catalyst activities under optimized conditions.

Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in water: Easy and fast and "green"

244th National Meeting (2012)

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