The Doebner modification to the Knoevenagel condensation reaction involves not only the elimination of water, but also base-catalyzed decarboxylation of a carboxylic acid group to produce carbon dioxide gas. The compound 3-nitrocinnamic acid, α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid product of a Doebner modified Knoevenagel condesation reaction betweem 3-nitrobenzaldehyde and malonic adic, is characterized using FT-IR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, and a melting temprature apparatus. Procedural workup can be extended and applied in complex ligand synthesis of retinoids and carotenoids derivatives which can be used as photosensitizer dyes.

Synthesis of carotenoid-based dye via Doebner modification: Research approach for undergraduate organic chemistry students

251st National Meeting (2016)

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