Heterogeneity within cellular responses to a stimuli is a fundamental property of all cells.  Indeed, seemingly identical cells can behave in a very different manner in response to their surrounding environment. To truly observe the richness and diversity of the cellular physiology, technologies for quantitative single cell analysis of all cellular constituents are required. However, despite impressive technological advances, the vast majority of the information-containing molecules, for example, proteins, metabolites, ions and other chemical entities remain unmeasurable within a single cell. Challenges in developing quantitative single-cell measurements include the very small amount of each molecule present within a typical 1-pL mammalian cell. Chemical cytometry, or the use of analytical tools to measure single-cell composition, is emerging as an ultrasensitive method applicable to single cells and possessing the flexibility to measure a wide array of cellular components including metabolite concentration and enzyme activities. The combination of a sensor or reporter introduced into a cell combined with a chemical microseparation step has evolved into a powerful cytometric technology providing high specificity and direct chemical information about the measured species. When fluorescence reporters are employed, detection limits of hundreds of molecules are easily attainable using microelectrophoresis-based chemical cytometry to quantify low abundance targets with high sensitivity in single cells. This talk will describe recent advances in the chemical cytometry of single cells for measurement of the activity of lipid and protein kinases, phosphatases and proteases in single cells by chemical cytometry.  <br/>

Microengineered tools for advancing preclinical and clinical research

256th National Meeting (2018)

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