In situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) and grazing incidence SAXS/WAXS (GISAXS/WAXS) along with X-ray spectroscopy techniques (XAS and GIXAS) are to understand the nature of the nano-catalysts and the mechanisms for catalytic transformations such as biomass reactions. The conditions of some of these reactions are very harsh which can be mitigated by the overcoating of nano-catalysts. The synthesis and reactivity can be examined using these X-ray techniques. In addition, high temperature and pressure catalytic reactions related to scram jets have been studied. The length scales that are addressed by these techniques range from 0.1 to 500 nm. In situ and operando, experiments are performed with a variety of reaction cells for high pressure gases and liquids with temperature control up to over 600 <sup>o</sup>C.

Observing catalysts in real time with x-ray scattering and spectroscopy

2019 Spring National Meeting

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