Visualizing three-dimensional structures of crystalline solids, determining the unit cell of a crystal lattice, and calculating lattice parameters, unit cell volumes, and bulk material properties can be difficult for first-year, college undergraduates. Misconceptions, math deficiencies, poor 3D spatial visualization skills, and a heavy reliance on rote, “plug-and-chug” methodologies can hinder concept mastery and obscure the connection between microscopic structures and macroscopic properties. In this work, instructional strategies involving inquiry-based learning and interactive, hands-on investigation were implemented in order to increase student engagement, improve student 3D visualization skills, and enhance student understanding of solid-state crystalline systems at the General Chemistry level.<br/><br/>The inquiry-based exercises that were developed use a step-by-step, guided methodology to introduce fundamental crystal structure concepts and then apply the acquired knowledge and principles to more challenging systems, such as ionic crystals. Custom-made cubic unit cell model kits were created and used with these activities. Students were prompted to deconstruct, manipulate, and reassemble the simple cubic, face-centered cubic, and body-centered cubic models in order to investigate the number of atoms per unit cell and the geometric relationships within each unit cell. Supplemental 3D computer animations using the ODYSSEY Molecular Explorer software by Wavefunction Inc. helped students visualize the connection between the local unit cell and the global crystal structure.

“Crystal clear”: Inquiry-based learning of crystal structures in General Chemistry

2019 Fall National Meeting

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