Standard irrigation imitates natural hydrological water flux into the soil. Irrigation consumes 95% of global freshwater resources because the water supply stage and the stage of water spread in the soil continuum are linked. Irrigation consumption exceeds plant requirements by 4–15 times. The environmental damages of irrigation are soil over-moistening, preferential water fluxes through the soil to the vadose zone and saturation zone, soil mineral and organic phase instability and leaching, and landscape waterlogging. To overcome an uncontrolled biogeochemical process, it was developed a transcendental Biogeosystem Technique (BGT*) intra-soil pulse continuous-discrete plant watering paradigm. This is a laterally successive injection of the small portions of water via syringe into the soil. Injection provides a vertical cylinder of 1.5–2.5 cm diameter at a depth of about 10 to 35 cm. The water redistributes to the adjacent soil continuum via the capillary, film, and vapour transfer in a short period after injection. Soil water potential provided is about −0.2 MPa. In absence of over-wetting, the soil carcass remains mechanically stable. This provides soil multilevel aggregation and preferable rhizosphere growth. Plant stomatal apparatus operates in regulation mode at a rather low soil water potential. Soil solution is of rather high concentration. This is a priority for healthy polymicrobial biofilms, soil biota, and plant nutrition, ensuring higher fertilizer and pesticide efficiency, and soil productivity. The BGT* methodology focused on the C biological phase enrichment, N, P, and microelements (including HMs) controlled turnover. The mathematical model ION–3 developed to calculate the ion forms of soil solution considering calcium carbonate equilibrium (CCE). Sol solution ionic strength, and ion pairs CaCO30; CaSO40, MgCO30, MgSO40, CaHCO3+, MgHCO3+, NaCO3−, NaSO4−, CaOH+, MgOH+, PbOH+, Pb(OH)20, PbCO30, Pb(CO3)22−, PbHCO3+, CdCO30, CdHCO3+ and CdOH+ accounted. According to the calculations, BGT provides reduced organic matter leaching and HMs passivation. A fully controlled biogeochemical process enables freshwater saving up to twenty times compared to standard irrigation. BGT sustainable environmentally safe robotic intra-soil pulse continuous-discrete watering system is developed to promote the Noosphere idea.

Biogeosystem technique as a chemical soil-biological engineering for the safe expanded technological development in the noosphere

ACS Fall 2021

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