&nbsp;Over the past decades there has been a dramatic increase in natural gas burning as the benign fossil fuel, offering far lower emissions than oil or coal. Its place had been established in a clean, or at least, cleaner energy future. Today, national and international energy policy shift to carbon neutrality — achieving net zero carbon emissions — and as result has moved natural gas from the “benign” to the “menace” category At present, there are chiefly two alternatives under discussion: power-to-gas (PtG) producing methane (synthetic natural gas, SNG, hydrogen etc.) and power-to-liquid, which stores electric power in the form of methanol.&nbsp; In opposite to other synthetic or fossil fuels, like synthetic methane or NG, hydrogen, methanol burning leads in significant reductions in emissions of nitrogen oxide without any specific firing system design measures. Burning of synthetic methane or hydrogen requires significant effort for NOx reduction. Hydrogen fuel offers many advantages in energy production. It is a carbon-free fuel that can decarbonize power and heat generation, and transportation, to help meet long-term CO2 emission-reduction targets. Burning hydrogen produces no CO2 emissions. NOx emissions are a different matter. The more hydrogen is added to a natural gas and hydrogen combustion mixture, the higher the NOx is anticipated. Dry Low NOx (DLN) combustor has traditionally mixed the NG fuel with sufficient air in advance of the combustor, so burning can take place in a lean atmosphere to maintain a relatively cool flame and keep NOx down. That approach does not work so well when more hydrogen enters the picture due to auto ignition occurring in the premix zone. Some companies already have diffusion-type combustor technology where fuel and air are supplied separately. Hydrogen, though, burns with a hotter flame, leading to higher combustion temperatures and the formation of local hot spots. These, in turn, can cause NOx to increase. The solution is to cool the flame by the use of diluents, such as demineralized water, steam or nitrogen. . However reducing NOx, by dilution reduces efficiency compared to a DLN combustor. The other possibility of providing wide load range of GT operation, while maintaining low NOx emissions is fuel dilution with flue gas being recirculated from the exhaust (FGR). The present paper discusses the effect of burning renewable fuels produced from carbon dioxide and hydrogen diluted with FGR flow on GT performance and emissions reduction in diffusion combustors. For the prediction of the combustion behavior a methodology that combines experimental work and computational simulations was used. Given the fact that due to the increase in renewable energy introduction into the grid, burning of renewable fuels produced from carbon dioxide becomes very significant.&nbsp; Hence, the development enhanced firing system burning synthetic clean fuels with low emissions is challenging and should be promoted. Using renewable fuels for energy supply would reduce the unfavorable impact of CO2 and to meeting the targets established in the Kyoto and Paris Protocol.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Evaluation of Gas Turbine Combustors Running on Renewable Fuels Produced From Carbon Dioxide Aimed for Greenhouse Emission Reduction

Paper Proceedings: https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/POWER/POWER2021/volume/85109

ASME 2021 Power Conference (POWER2021)

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