3D printers are widely used in educational settings for designing and prototyping especially for STEAM programs. Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is popular among primary and secondary schools, however other additive manufacturing technologies using metal powder, resins, and lasers can also be found in universities. Previous studies have found that heating and extrusion of thermoplastics using FFF 3D printers results in the emission of ultrafine particles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can contribute to respiratory and cardiovascular stress that is more pronounced in children. Little data has been obtained on air quality in classrooms with 3D printers and concern of the impact on the health of students, staff, and faculty.<br/>A field study was conducted on air quality in school classrooms while operating 3D printers with ABS and PLA filaments. A total of 8 classrooms in a secondary school and two universities were evaluated for their environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and airflow, VOC identifications and concentrations, and particulate matter sizes and concentrations. Environmental parameters were measured using portable sensors and air capture hood, VOC samples were collected before and during 3D printing using sorbent tubes and portable pumps. VOCs media were thermally desorbed and analyzed by GC-MS. Aldehyde samples were solvent extracted and analyzed with HPLC. Real-time total VOC, O<sub>3</sub>, and CO concentrations were monitored by portable sensors and a photoionization detector. Real-time particle concentration and size distribution were monitored by an OPC and an SMPS throughout the day.<br/>Differences in particle and VOC characterizations in classrooms with and without 3D printers were observed. VOCs specific to 3D printing were detected in rooms with 3D printers such as lactide. The comparison will be presented to show the impact of 3D printing on indoor air in classrooms.

Indoor air quality assessment of classrooms with 3D printers

ACS Spring 2022

The official archive and repository for all ACS Meetings & Expositions abstracts and select posters or presentations.