Biomass derived monomers can offer unique functionality, often in the forms of heteroatoms, that is not easily accesible by routine petrochemical routes. Importantly, many of these monomers offer the potential to replace thhe petrochemical monomers used in the manufacture of thermosets to enable expanded functionality and performance. In the present work, we leverage amine containing monomers that can be obtained via biological conversions in both epoxy and benzoxazine thermosets. These monomers have a wide degree of cuntionality avaiable to them that augment the material propertties. In the case of benzozazines, monomers that contain both an amine and carboxylic acid are used and the presence of the carboxylic acid leads to an acceleration in cure kinetics and a dramatic reduction in cure temperature. For the epoxy thermosets, multifunctional amine monomers are used as a hardener and the properties of the resultant materials are found to scale with the spacing and identity between reactive centers. The amines can be further modified and reacted to produce a mixed network of triazines and epoxy-amines that enables the end-of-life degradation of these materials. Importantly, subsequent process analysis reveals that the use of bioderiived amines can present dramatic reductions in both supply chain energy and GHG emissions while possessing a cost similar to their petrochemical counterparts. Overall, this work demonstrates the robust potential to use bioderived amines for performance advantagted properties.

Performance advantagted thermosets from bioderived amines: Benefits in manufacturing, performance, and end-of-life

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ACS Fall 2022

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