Introduction
Caffeine, a natural stimulant, is found in foods, beverages, and food supplements (FS). Excessive caffeine consumption has been associated with cardiovascular impairments, anxiousness and sleep disruptions1. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) estimated safe intake levels of caffeine: a single dose of up to 200mg and a daily intake of up to 400mg, are considered safe for the general population2. Regulation (EU)1169/2011 requires products containing caffeine to include additional labelling warnings, ‘Contains caffeine’ or ‘High caffeine content’3. In Ireland, all FS placed on the market must be notified to the Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) via the Food Notifications System (FNS)4. 
 
The aims of this study were to: (1) Identify caffeine-containing FS notified to the FSAI from January 1st to December 31st 2023, (2) Investigate whether these FS comply with relevant labelling requirements, (3) Assess the safety of these products in line with the EFSA safe intake levels.
Methods
Data on caffeine-containing FS notified to the FSAI in 2023 was extracted from the FSAI FNS. Information extracted included product name, contains caffeine/high caffeine content statements, amount of caffeine, ingredients list and directions for use. Analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS (version 29.0.01).
Results
There were 325 caffeine-containing FS notified to the FSAI in 2023. This study identified 8 categories of caffeine-containing FS, based on their function: pre-workout (n163), botanicals (n14), vitamin and minerals (n12), gaming (n7), before and/or during exercise (n45), fat burners (n57), general stimulants (n23) and energy drinks (n4).
Over 80% of these FS (n276) used “contains caffeine” and 9% (n30) used “high caffeine content” statements on their label. The remaining 5% (n19) used neither statement. Less than a fifth (14%) (n45) of notified FS did not comply with legislative labelling warnings (these products contained incorrect or no caffeine labelling statements) while the remaining 86% (n280) were deemed compliant.
Notified FS contained information on directions for use and were either to be consumed once-a-day (n243) or multiple times throughout the day (n82). Over a quarter (n90) of the once-a-day FS exceeded EFSA’s safe single-dose intake of 200mg. Additionally n2 of the FS contained caffeine in amounts exceeding EFSA’s safe daily intake limit of 400mg.
Conclusion
This study identified FS on the Irish market with high caffeine content, exceeding both EFSA’s safe single-dose and daily intake levels, before additional dietary sources of caffeine are considered. Labelling compliance rates in this study are high.  The FSAI will continue to monitor this category of FS, as the market of caffeine-containing FS grows.
Topic Areas
Food systems: encompasses food production, processing, reformulation; organic; food safety and toxicity; food systems and sustainability issues; functional foods etc.
References - Please read the instructions.
1. Rodak, Kamil et al. (2021) Caffeine as a Factor Influencing the Functioning of the Human Body-Friend or Foe? [Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467199/]
2. EFSA panel and working group on caffeine. (2015) EFSA Journal 13(5); [Available at: https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4102]
3. Regulation (EU) No.1169/2011 European Commission 2011; 
[Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32011R1169]
4. S.I.No.506/2007 European Communities (Food Supplements) Regulations 2007;  
[Available at: https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2007/si/506/made/en/print]

**Introduction**
Caffeine, a natural stimulant, is found in foods, beverages, and food supplements (FS). Excessive caffeine consumption has been associated with cardiovascular impairments, anxiousness and sleep disruptions1. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) estimated safe intake levels of caffeine: a single dose of up to 200mg and a daily intake of up to 400mg, are considered safe for the general population2. Regulation (EU)1169/2011 requires products containing caffeine to include additional labelling warnings, ‘Contains caffeine’ or ‘High caffeine content’3. In Ireland, all FS placed on the market must be notified to the Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) via the Food Notifications System (FNS)4. 
 
The aims of this study were to: (1) Identify caffeine-containing FS notified to the FSAI from January 1st to December 31st 2023, (2) Investigate whether these FS comply with relevant labelling requirements, (3) Assess the safety of these products in line with the EFSA safe intake levels.
**Methods**
Data on caffeine-containing FS notified to the FSAI in 2023 was extracted from the FSAI FNS. Information extracted included product name, contains caffeine/high caffeine content statements, amount of caffeine, ingredients list and directions for use. Analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS (version 29.0.01).
**Results**
There were 325 caffeine-containing FS notified to the FSAI in 2023. This study identified 8 categories of caffeine-containing FS, based on their function: pre-workout (_n16_3), botanicals (_n_14), vitamin and minerals (_n_12), gaming (_n_7), before and/or during exercise (_n45_), fat burners (_n57_), general stimulants (_n_23) and energy drinks (_n4_).
Over 80% of these FS _(n_276) used “contains caffeine” and 9% (_n_30) used “high caffeine content” statements on their label. The remaining 5% (_n_19) used neither statement. Less than a fifth (14%) (_n_45) of notified FS did not comply with legislative labelling warnings (these products contained incorrect or no caffeine labelling statements) while the remaining 86% (_n_280) were deemed compliant.
Notified FS contained information on directions for use and were either to be consumed once-a-day (_n_243) or multiple times throughout the day (_n_82). Over a quarter (_n_90) of the once-a-day FS exceeded EFSA’s safe single-dose intake of 200mg. Additionally _n_2 of the FS contained caffeine in amounts exceeding EFSA’s safe daily intake limit of 400mg.
**Conclusion**
This study identified FS on the Irish market with high caffeine content, exceeding both EFSA’s safe single-dose and daily intake levels, before additional dietary sources of caffeine are considered. Labelling compliance rates in this study are high.  The FSAI will continue to monitor this category of FS, as the market of caffeine-containing FS grows.
**Topic Areas**
Food systems: encompasses food production, processing, reformulation; organic; food safety and toxicity; food systems and sustainability issues; functional foods etc.
**References - Please read the instructions.**
1. Rodak, Kamil et al. (2021) Caffeine as a Factor Influencing the Functioning of the Human Body-Friend or Foe? [Available at: **[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467199/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467199/)**]
2. EFSA panel and working group on caffeine. (2015) _EFSA Journal_ **13**(5); [Available at: **[https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4102](https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4102)**]
3. Regulation (EU) No.1169/2011 European Commission 2011; 
[Available at: **[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32011R1169](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32011R1169)**]
4. S.I.No.506/2007 European Communities (Food Supplements) Regulations 2007;  
[Available at: **[https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2007/si/506/made/en/print](https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2007/si/506/made/en/print)**]

OC64 - From bean to bottle - A snapshot review of the caffeine-containing food supplements notified to the Food Safety Authority of Ireland between January 2023 and December 2023.

Unique to the new Congress (previously the Summer Conference) is that you will have greater opportunity to engage with more nutrition science than ever before. In 2024 the core programme will be delivered by the Irish Section of The Nutrition Society, supported by the Science Committee. The theme of these symposia will be ‘new data – focused approaches and challenges’. Outside of the core programme you will have the chance to hear the latest research from the Society’s partner organisations, universities, the private sector and more, on a diverse range of research.