Background and Aims: Persistent pain resulting from torture is highly prevalent and impactful, with increasing numbers of torture-survivors presenting to healthcare services with pain-related issues. Given the complex multifaceted needs of torture-survivors, current service-provision may be falling short. The aim of this study was to explore experiences of services for managing pain among torture-survivors, in order to inform clinical practice. 
Methods: Thirteen participants were recruited from a specialist pain clinic in the UK set up to help torture-survivors manage their persistent pain. Utilising an ethnographic approach, data was collected via clinic appointment observations, interviews and medical records and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. 
Results: Three main themes emerged in relation to experiences of services for managing pain. ‘Role-taking in the patient-clinician relationship’ explores the distinct hierarchical roles between clinician and patient. ‘Multiplicity of diagnoses and treatments’ describes the negative impact of receiving varying and often conflicting diagnoses and experiencing unsuccessful treatments. ‘Lack of service integration’ highlights the current disconnect between various physical and mental health services.
Conclusions: Torture-survivors struggling with persistent pain currently occupy a precarious position within the healthcare system. The lack of recognition of torture experience when diagnosing and treating pain, alongside the dualistic organisation of many services and barriers to accessing them, can lead to negative experiences and unsuccessful outcomes. Clinical implications include the need for joined up services that recognise the impact of torture experience and its consequences on persistent pain. Strategies to engage and empower torture-survivors in the management of their pain are recommended.

IT'S JUST GIVING A LOLLYPOP TO A CRYING BABY;- TORTURE-SURVIVORS' EXPERIENCES OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES FOR MANAGING PERSISTENT PAIN