Background  Aortic dissection is the end stage of different pathological processes stressing on the aortic wall, which inflammation plays an important role in aortic dissection. Xenon is one of noble gases and has been recognized as an anesthetic which can exert neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects in different models by pre-, realtime- and post-conditioning. 
Objective  To determine the effect of a pulmonary static inflation with 50% Xenon on perioperative inflammatory cytokines in patients with acute Stanford type-A dissection surgery.
Design, Setting, and Participants  A prospective signal-center clinical trial, recruited 100 adult patients undergoing Stanford type-A AAD surgery at an academic hospital in China. 
Main outcome measures The serum variables including inflammatory and endothelial cell function were assayed. 
Results There was significant effect of time and treatment-time interaction for IL-6(P=0.000 and p=0.000,respectively),IL-10(P=0.000 and p=0.001,respectively),TNFα(P=0.012 and p=0.025,respectively) and TXB2(P=0.000 and p=0.001,respectively).In first fraction(from beginning to postoperative 10 min), the value of IL-6, TNFα and TXB2 decreased 23.5%,9.1% and 30.2% respectively in Xenon group,but the concurrent value increased 10.8%,26.2% and 26.4% respectively in control group. In first fraction, the value of IL-10 increased 28% in Xenon group and decreased 7.5% in control group respectively. In the second (from postoperative 10 min to postoperative 6h) and third fractions (postoperative 6-24h), the values of IL-6,IL-10,TNFα and TXB2 changed quite similar in both groups. Perioperative serum level of PGI2 was relatively stable, with no significant differences between the groups.
Conclusions Pulmonary static inflation with 50% Xenon during cardiopulmonay bypass could attenuate early postoperative inflammation in Chinese adults undergoing Stanford Type-A Acute Aortic Dissection Surgery.

Pulmonary static inflation with 50% Xenon during cardiopulmonay bypass attenuated early postoperative inflammation in Chinese adults undergoing Stanford type-A acute aortic dissection surgery: a pilot study