Background and Goal of Study: Cholelithiasis is the most common abdominal surgical disease in the elderly. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the gold standard treatment of this condition, but it is cited in the literature as an independent risk factor for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial we compared the efficacy of palonosetron with ondansetron to prevent PONV in women with 60 years of age or older who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
 Materials and methods: The total of 80 patients, ASA I to III, were randomized and allocated to one of the groups containing 40 individuals in each group. Group P received 75 mcg I.V of Palonosetron in the induction of anesthesia, whereas the O group received 4 mg I.V of Ondansetron in the induction and followed with regular administration of 8/ 8 hour of 4 mg I.V of Ondansetron. The incidence and intensity of nausea and vomiting, as well as presence of adverse effects and need for rescue medication were evaluated during clinical postoperative visits with 2,6,24 and 48 hours. 
Results and discussion: There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, in the total adverse effects and the need for rescue medication, when comparing the two drugs
 Conclusion: Single-dose administration of palonosetron in induction of anesthesia was as effective as regular administration of ondansetron at induction of anaesthesia, followed by regular 8/8 hour use in prophylaxis of PONV in women 60 years of age or older who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Comparative study between palonosetrone and ondansetrone in the profilaxia of postoperative nausees and vomiting in women wirh 60 years or older, submited to laparoscopic colecistectomies