Objectives: With the recent availability of culture-independent sequencing methods, studies have been conducted to analyze skin microorganisms present in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the database on the skin fungal communities, “mycobiome,” has been relatively restrictive compared with the bacterial world. This study aimed to comparatively analyze the overall skin mycobiome between patients with AD and healthy individuals in the Korean population.
Methods: Skin swab samples from the antecubital fossae of 8 patients with AD and 8 healthy controls were analyzed. Using sequencing method followed by direct DNA extraction and molecular PCR, taxonomic compositions of fungi at stepwise level ranks were analyzed. The phylogenic marker used was internal transcribed spacer 2 regions of DNA.
Results: The tendency of higher intra- and inter-personal taxonomic diversity at genus and species levels in AD samples was observed. Non-Malassezia fungal diversity was also noticeable in the patient group compared with healthy controls. Malassezia globosa and Malassezia restricta were prevalent in all samples across both study groups, and some Malassezia species, including Malassezia sloofiae and dermatis characterized AD.
Conclusion: This study might provide a new insight into the mycobiome of adult AD, which contributes to building a systemic mycobiome database in AD.

Characterization of the Skin Mycobiome in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis