【Introduction】Hospital admission and operation are stressful life events for patients.　Furthermore, if the patient is a child, these life events will have a major impact on the emotional response. It is natural for parents or guardians to feel anxiety and fear about operation and anesthesia of children. In order to release children and parents from such feelings, our hospital started parental　presence　of　induction (PPI) for pediatric surgery from 2012. 
【Procedure of PPI】Ward nurse and patient and his(or her) parents or guardians and child life specialist (CLS) move from the ward to the operating room entrance. From there, operating room nurse join, and everyone go to the operating room. After entering the operating room, the patient waits at the operation bed with his(or her) parents or guardians.The surgeon and the anesthesiologist and the operating room nurse do sign-in under the presence of parents or guardians. After that, the patient wears monitoring apparatuses and takes off clothes as necessary.Start induction of anesthesia with the patient lying or sitting position on the bed or being hugged.When a patient sleeps, parents or guardians leaves with ward nurse or CLS.
【subject】In 2014 to 2016, ASA-PS1, a child between 0 and 17 years old who underwent inguinal hernia repair with general anesthesia.
【Method】
We investigated retrospectively performing PPI group and nonperforming group of the time from patient entering OR to the start of anesthetic induction.
【result】
The performing PPI group of the time(6.43 ± 3.53 min) for 301 cases  showed a significant difference in the nonperforming group of the time(7.61 ± 3.34 min) for 41 cases.(P = 0.046)Furthermore, as for over 7 years old children, performing group of the time(6.73±2.75) for 49 cases showed a significant difference in the nonperforming group of the time(8.71±3.30) for 14 cases.(P = 0.030)
【Conclusion】PPI reduces anxiety and fear of the patient about operation and anesthesia. As a result, the time from patient entering OR to the start of anesthetic induction was shortened and smooth, especially for over 7 years old group.
It was suggested that PPI is beneficial not only for burden but also for medical staff and patients.


03 / Parental presence during induction reduced the time from patient entering operating room to the start of anesthetic induction