Objective: To summarize clinical and radiological characteristics, and to analyse risk factors of hemorrhage and poor outcomes of cerebral venous malformations(CVMs). 
Methods: The clinical manifestations, radiological characteristics, management and prognosis of the 60 cases of cerebral venous malformations, admitted to Beijing Tiantan hospital from January 2011 to February 2018, were retrospectively summarized and analyzed. The patients were followed up for 1-60 months with an average duration of 26 months. Poor prognosis indicates that the patient went through rebleeding, infarction, severe disability (mRS>2), or death.
Results: Infratentorial CVMs is more prone to intracranial hemorrhage (75% vs 28.6%, P＜0.001), dizziness(37.5% vs 10.7%, P=0.017) and focal neurological deficits (65.6% vs 25%, P=0.002), while supratentorial CVMs is more prone to seizures (32.1% vs 0%, P=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the major risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage in CVMs were infratentorial lesions (P=0.003) and complicated cavernous angiomas (P=0.016). Compared with conservative treatment, resection of hematoma or cavernous angioma with preservation of CVMs, did not increase the risk of poor outcomes(P=0.646), but the resection of CVMs significantly increase the risk of poor outcomes (P=0.003, OR=44.0).
Conclusions: Conservative treatment of CVMs has a relatively good prognosis. For those complicated with hemorrhage or cavernous angiomas who need surgical interventions, the integrity of the CVMs should be preserved irrespective of the treatment of choice. In exceptional cases, before the resection of CVMs, their drainage functions should be rigorously evaluated.

Clinical Manifestations，Radiological Characteristics and Prognosis of Cerebral Venous Malformations