Introductions:
To evaluate a New Generation Liquid Embolic Material (NGLEM), which is a clear liquid that immediately forms a solid hydrogel once exposed to Ca2+ in the blood. It is DMSO free and has minimal risk of catheter-entrapment.  The material was evaluated using an in vitro vascular model as well as an in vivo experimental model using rat. 
Methods: 
Experiment 1) A silicon vascular model of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) was connected to a programmable pulsatile flow pump, and isotonic aqueous solution containing 2 mM calcium chloride was circulated. A microcatheter was placed in the AVM model, and NGLEM was injected. The behaviors of the injected material and the visibility in the model were recorded. Experiment 2) A rat renal artery was catheterized with a microcatheter, and NGLEM was injected under fluoroscopy. Angiographical evaluation was performed. 
Results :
Experiment 1) The injected NGLEM formed spherical shaped gel and occluded the aneurysm.  Once the injection was completed, the catheter was withdrawn without entrapment. Experiment 2) The NGLEM mixed with contrast medium showed sufficient radiopacity under fluoroscopy. A total of 5 renal arteries in 3 rats were successfully treated with NGLEM and Onyx (control). All vessels were successfully treated with NGLEM, and the total volume required for the occlusion was between 0.5ml. No increased thrombogenicity was observed during the procedure. Post procedure aortogram showed complete occlusion of the treated arteries. 
Conclusion: NGLEM, which is a DMSO free, non-adhesive material can be a potential embolic material used in the endovascular procedure.

NOVEL LIQUID EMBOLIC MATERIAL FOR THE USE OF ENDOVASCULAR TREATMENT: AN ORGANIC POLYMER COMPOSITE ACTIVATED BY THE CA2+ IN THE BLOOD