Laterality judgement and tactile acuity in patients with frozen shoulder: a case-control study 
Background and aims: Tactile acuity and laterality judgement are recognized clinical signatures of cortical representation and working body schema, respectively. Disruption of tactile acuity and laterality recognition have been shown in different chronic pain populations. Whether they are impaired in people with frozen shoulder contracture syndrome (FSCS) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate tactile acuity and laterality recognition in people with FSCS. 
Method: A sample of 32 subjects with idiopathic FSCS and 32 sex and age-matched healthy controls were tested for tactile acuity by measuring the two point discrimination threshold (TPDT) and laterality recognition with the NOI Recognise App. 
Data analysis: Within-group differences (affected vs. non-affected shoulder in the FSCS group) and between-group differences (affected shoulder in the FS group vs. dominant shoulder in the healthy group) in TPDT and accuracy and speed in the Recognise test were calculated using Student's t-test.
Results:  Within-group differences were found in TPDT and laterality between the affected and non-affected shoulder in subjects with FSCS. As compared to healthy controls, subjects with FSCS presented differences for speed in the Recognise test.
Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that tactile acuity and laterality judgment are impaired in the affected shoulder of subjects with FSCS. When comparing with healthy subjects only speed in laterality judgment was impaired in people with FSCS.

LATERALITY JUDGEMENT AND TACTILE ACUITY IN PATIENTS WITH FROZEN SHOULDER: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY