Electrochemical energy storage was an important enabler of the wireless revolution and it is touted as a key component of a society that shifts away from its dependence on fossil fuels. Li-ion batteries are the primary technology when high energy devices are required. However, despite their improved functionality over older systems (e.g. lead-acid car batteries), they do not quite yet meet the emerging energy demands in transportation and grid markets. This roadblock sparked interest in the development of batteries that utilize Mg2+ as ionic carrier. Theoretical predictions indicate that couples exist between a Mg metal negative electrode and oxide positive electrodes that could surpass the current practical limits of current devices. Among the candidate oxides, layered V2O5 and the general family of spinel-type M2O4 (M=transition metal) are considered as leading candidates for the reversible intercalation of ions such as Mg2+ [1, 2], the critical reaction in the positive electrode. In this talk, we will present the most up-to-date insight into the ability of oxides to diffuse and reversibly intercalate Mg2+. Emphasis will be placed in non-aqueous electrolytes, since the use of Mg metal requires rigorously anhydrous environments. We will present experimental evidence supporting the existence of intercalation of Mg2+ several oxides [2, 3]. Critical to the endeavor is the ability to synthesize particles at small dimensions, as is the characterization of chemical and physical phenomena using a combination of tools providing information at different scales. We will rely on data from X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy and scattering, electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance to probe the reactions that occur. The rationale for the choice of techniques and the key pieces they provided to complete the picture will be discussed. Our ultimate aim in the talk will be to establish relationships between crystal-chemistry, charge carrier and outcomes of the electrochemical reaction. The results will uncover critical bottlenecks that must be overcome to make Mg electrochemistry viable for energy storage.

Measuring and defining non-aqueous Mg electrochemistry in inorganic solids

Macromolecular Chemistry: The Second Century

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ACS Spring 2020 National Meeting & Expo

The official archive and repository for all ACS Meetings & Expositions abstracts and select posters or presentations.