The low cost and safety benefits of primary Zn/MnO2 batteries can be translated to next-generation “zinc-ion batteries” through replacement of the alkaline electrolyte with a near neutral-pH Zn2+-based electrolyte. The functionality of such Zn-ion batteries can be extended to include rechargeability (100s of cycles) and high-rate operation (300 mAh g–1 at 1C and 100 mAh g–1 at 20C) by using a 3D nanoarchitectured MnOx@carbon nanofoam–paper (CNF) electrode and a mixed salt electrolyte (e.g., ZnSO4 + Na2SO4). The combination of the nanosctructured MnOx and mixed-salt electrolyte results in multiple charge-storage mechanisms, including Zn2+ and H+ insertion with subsequent precipitation and dissolution of Zn4(OH)6SO4.5H2O crystallites, and Na+-based pseudocapacitance. The complex charge-storage reactions are reversible over hundreds of cycles, attributed to structural features of the 3D CNF electrode and the use of a mixed-salt electrolyte. Recently, we developed an in-place conversion to create nanocrystalline ZnMn2O4 spinel from the 10-nm–thick birnessite-like MnOx coating on the CNF and demonstrated that the ZnMn2O4@CNF electrode undergoes precipitation/dissolution reactions when cycled in 1M ZnSO4, but offers additional benefits in terms of discharge voltage and long-term cycling stability.

Next-generation Zn-ion batteries with enhanced rechargeability and high-rate operation via nanostructured electrodes and mixed salt electrolytes

Macromolecular Chemistry: The Second Century

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ACS Spring 2020 National Meeting & Expo

The official archive and repository for all ACS Meetings & Expositions abstracts and select posters or presentations.