Shale gas extraction has contributed notably to lower oil and gas prices in the United States in recent years. However, this process produces a significant amount of produced water with a high level of bromide ions, which are hardly removed during the treatment. Once it is discharged into the receiving water, it may significantly increase the bromide level in the drinking water sources, resulting in the formation of toxic brominated disinfection byproducts (Br-DBPs). Due to the presence of chloride at much higher levels, the selective removal of bromide is challenging. In this study, we examined a simple but cost-effective way to selectively oxidize bromide using un-activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS). A kinetic model that considered all the major reactions was developed and could describe this process very well. More than 95% of bromide was removed by PMS in less than 10 minutes under weak acidic conditions, without the significant formation of Cl<sub>2</sub> (g) even when the chloride concentration was more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of bromide. The tests in both batch and continuously stirred tank reactors resulted in high bromide removal rates and neutral final pH. After the treatment, the harmful effect of bromide on Br-DBP formation in impacted water supplies was significantly reduced. Overall, this study provided a simple but promising approach to selectively remove bromide from produced water with high efficiency, low cost, and simple system setup.

Efficient bromide removal from produced water by peroxymonosulfate for controlling disinfection byproduct formation in downstream water supplies

Macromolecular Chemistry: The Second Century

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ACS Spring 2020 National Meeting & Expo

The official archive and repository for all ACS Meetings & Expositions abstracts and select posters or presentations.