Benzophenon-3 (BP3) is one of the most widely used organic UV filters in sunscreen products and also used as a plastic addictive to prevent discoloration from UV degradation. Therefore, BP3 can be directly released through swimming pools, shower, etc., and indirectly discharged to the environment through sewage and wastewater treatment plants. BP3 is considered to be an endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) due to the reported results of adverse estrogenic effects in organisms. In addition, it is reported that BP3 can react with chlorine to produce chlorinated transformation products (TPs) and disinfectant byproducts (DBPs) such as chloroform. BP3 and its chlorinated TPs can be persistent in waterbodies, because they are very stable when exposed to UV light. Therefore, a safe treatment process of BP3 is required to ensure safe water reuse and to prevent adverse effects on the aquatic environment. Recently, sulfate radical-based AOPs have received increasing research interests for the destruction of emerging micropollutants via the generation of sulfate (SO4−) radical. In this study, UV/persulfate process was investigated to treat BP3 in water. The degradation of BP3 by UV/ persulfate reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The degradation rate of BP3 increased with increasing persulfate concentration. In addition, the degradation rate of BP3 tended to decrease with increasing pH, due to that SO4− radicals are dominant in acidic and neutral pH regions and OH radical is dominant at higher pH. The second-order rate constant of BP3 with SO4− radical was 1.67 (±0.04) × 109 M-1 s-1. During UV/persulfate reaction, while HCO3- ion, Br- ion, and humic acid inhibited the removal of BP3, NO3– and Cl– ions enhanced the degradation of BP3. The bioluminescence inhibition of transformation products (TPs) of BP3 decreased with increasing reaction times, implying that the toxicities of TPs were less than BP3 itself. The results of this study suggest the UV/persulfate process as one of the ecologically safe treatments for BP3 removal in water.

Degradation kinetics and toxicity reduction during UV/persulfate reaction of benzophenon-3

Macromolecular Chemistry: The Second Century

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ACS Spring 2020 National Meeting & Expo

The official archive and repository for all ACS Meetings & Expositions abstracts and select posters or presentations.