Anionic clays constitute an important class of lamellar ionic compounds and are represented by general formula [M2+1−xM3+x(OH)2][An−x/n] mH2O, where M2+ and M3+ are bi- and trivalent metal cations, x is equal to the ratio M3+/(M2++M3+) and A is an exchangeable interlamellar anion with charge n−. The structure of these minerals consists of brucite-like positively charged layers resulting from the partial substitution of the original M2+ by M3+. The positive surplus charges are compensated by inorganic anions. The greatly tunable interlayer composition coupled with an extensive likely choice of anionic moieties and/or variation of composition of the host layers affords a large variety of solids with versatile catalytic and ion exchange/intercalation properties. The ionic exchange capacity of these materials was found to be more than three times higher than that of cationic clays and it unlocked the perspective for their use in the removal of ecologically undesirable anions from aqueous waste streams. Rheology is very sensitive to particle interactions, and links between rheology, microstructure (buildup or breakdown) and interfacial chemistries as a function of applied stress or shear rate and time were established. By monitoring the rheological changes with the layer reconstruction, the forces between particle aggregates for different interlayer compositions were assessed very accurately. Rheology is a very sensitive method that detects very accurately the slightest change in particle arrangement and their structure. Experiments of determining the linear viscoelastic clay functions were accurate and reliable since analytical rheology developed advanced methods of interpreting and utilizing standard rheological measurements. In this study, rotational rheometry was employed in identifying microstructure and chemistries of various interlayer compositions. The significant rearrangement of the interlayer of Mg/Al and Ni/Al anionic clays compositions was closely monitored by rheological measurements in terms of the apparent viscosity, and elastic (G’) and viscous (G’) moduli.

Study of anionic clays interlayer rearrangement and microstructure changes as a function of composition by means of rheology

Macromolecular Chemistry: The Second Century

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ACS Spring 2020 National Meeting & Expo

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