Large-scale penetration of electricity from renewable sources into the electrical grid has yet to be realized because technologies that can modulate the intermittence and variability of solar or wind energies are lacking. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) have attracted attention as a solution to grid-scale storage because they can be inexpensively scaled by simply adding redox liquids to large reservoirs. Because of this flow architecture, identifying redox-active solutions that are inexpensive, yet energy dense, is critical to the deployment of RFBs. However, RFBs lack energy density and remain nearly an order of magnitude more expensive than what is necessary for cost-competitive energy storage. This seminar details our efforts to address fundamental limitations in current RFBs by conceptually redesigning energy storage in flow. Specifically, redox-active organic solids (ROSs) serve as storage materials. Rather than forcing these solids to undergo redox directly at the electrode, small quantities of solvated redox-active organic molecules (ROMs) relay electrons between the ROSs and the distal current collectors. This redox relay flow battery is scalable because of the decoupled power and capacity, energy dense because of the solid storage materials, and tunable because of the organic materials. The design principles that will be discussed include: (i) stragies to generate insoluble ROSs, (ii) the effect of size and shape on ROS charging and solution flow, (iii) the effect of a shuttle's redox potential on the accessible states of charge, and (iv) the effect of the shuttle's size on the rate of ROS charging and discharging. These key insights are the first steps to providing the community with fundamenal guides for designing shuttles and solids for this new battery architecture.

Design strategies for organic solids and solutions in hybrid redox flow batteries

Macromolecular Chemistry: The Second Century

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ACS Spring 2020 National Meeting & Expo

The official archive and repository for all ACS Meetings & Expositions abstracts and select posters or presentations.