Modern gasoline fuels that are used in internal combustion engines have been shown to contain up to 900 compounds in recent gas chromatography research. Because of the differing worldwide vehicle out emissions standards, both the particulate matter and the particulate number emissions are a significant focus of vehicle manufacturers. Many are developing tools and techniques to try to quantify the bulk gasoline properties to the vehicle out emissions. The analytical chemistry techniques involved in unraveling the chemical nature of the fuel are widely known, but have only recently been extended to encompass all of the compounds that might be in the gasoline boiling range, up through at least the C13 compounds. While the compounds are typically a very small amount of the fuel blend, they have been shown to be significant contributors to the overall emissions. The industry has been trying to determine the appropriate index to quantify the fuel impact, including correlations known as Particulate Matter Index (PMI) number, Particulate Evaluation Index (PEI) number, which provide an over all bulk number counting the participation of compounds or groupings. The assumption is always that the entire set of compounds participates in the combustion and emission process, and so the index covers the entire range. Next, the index identification is used to compare to the vehicle out emissions. In the vehicle system, the fuel itself does not always evaporate and participate in the actual vehicle out emissions, and so there is a concern that the correlations fall apart depending on what compounds are part of the analytical chemical method and finally the PMI or PEI number. There are other contributing factors to the emissions behavior, which are covered in other fuel property analysis techniques like the Heat of Vaporization (HOV) and the Yield Scooting Index (YSI). Central to all of these fuel properties and analytical techniques are the nature of the compounds themselves in the fuel and how they contribute in the combustion process, either being fully consumed into CO2 or a soot precursor. A discussion of the literature and some data will commence to indicate the need for further improvements in the analytical techniques to determine the compounds in the fuels (Mass Spectrometry), and the bulk physical properties of the blends as well as their sooting behavior, which together improve the vehicle out emissions correlations to the fuel properties. 

Unraveling and Identifying the impact of the compound structure of gasoline fuel on particulate matter and particulate number emissions

Macromolecular Chemistry: The Second Century

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ACS Spring 2020 National Meeting & Expo

The official archive and repository for all ACS Meetings & Expositions abstracts and select posters or presentations.