Fuel composition specifications have traditionally been assigned tight given the multiple physical and combustion constraints imposed by engine class and use. A prime example is Jet-A produced for commercial aviation consumption by jet aircraft. With a view towards renewable feedstock, while decreasing the CO2 footprint associated with jet travel, biofuels are receiving increasing interest. Presently, biofuels are being tested as blends with conventional Jet A fuel, given present design reliance upon a minimal aromatic content. Biofuels, even blended, offer additional benefits such as reduced black carbon emission. Presently there is little data on the reduction or operative mechanisms, given the limited accessibility for full-scale jet engine testing coupled with comprehensive emissions characterization. Presented here is an overview of black carbon emissions as gauged by varied TEM analyses for a J-85 turbojet fueled with Jet-A as well as with blends of Jet A using Camelina biofuel. Aggregate morphology, primary particle size, and their internal nanostructure are analyzed to provide insights into the combustion dynamics. It is hypothesized that fuel carried aromatics lead to high power sensitivity for aggregate size because of turbulent fuel-air mixing (or relative lack thereof). These tests were conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in cooperation with Arnold Engineering and Development Complex (AEDC, U.S. Air Force), as part of a series of studies entitled VAriable Response In Aircraft nvPM Testing (VARIAnT) field campaigns. 

Characterization of nvPM across decadal length scales: Dependence on biofuel content

Macromolecular Chemistry: The Second Century

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ACS Spring 2020 National Meeting & Expo

The official archive and repository for all ACS Meetings & Expositions abstracts and select posters or presentations.