Shape morphing materials have been extensively studied to control the formation of sophisticated 3D structures and devices for a broad range of applications. Various methods, including the buckling of pre-strained bilayer composites, stimuli-responsive shape-shifting of shape memory polymers, and hydrogels, have been previously employed to transform 2D sheets to 3D structures and devices. However, the residual stress locked in these shape-shifting structures will drive them to gradually return to the original layouts upon the removal of external stimuli or constrains. Here, we report a multi-responsive vitrimer (m-vitrimer) with thermal- and photo- reversible disulfide bonds as shape programmable and healable materials for functional 3D devices. The mechanical properties, and thermomechanical properties of vitrimer were tuned by altering the disulfide content and catalyst loading. Heat and light exposure induce effective stress relaxation and network rearrangement enabling material shape programming and healing. We demonstrated that printed flexible smart electronics were fabricated using the multi-stimuli-responsive vitrimer as a matrix and printed conductive silver nanoparticles as conductive wire. The printed electronics possess good electro-mechanical properties, and thermal- and photo- responsive shape programming. Moreover, the vitrimer can be healed upon damage by heat and light, which partially restore silver conductivity and protect the electronics. The converging of multi-stimuli responsive polymers and printed electronics for functional 3D devices have the potential of finding broad applications in smart and morphing electronics, biomedical devices, and 4D printing. 

Shape-Programmable and Healable Materials and Devices Using Thermo- and Photo- Responsive Vitrimer

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