Tunable and switchable solvents were developed to address synergistically reaction and separation. Tunable solvents change properties continuously upon application of an external stimulus. For example, organic aqueous solvents allow for the reaction to be homogeneously catalyzed followed by a simple and efficient heterogeneous separation of the product (commonly a heterogeneous catalysis attribute). Chemical processes mediated by water at or below the nearcritical range can also alleviate the shortcomings of current synthetic strategies (waste production and management, remediation costs). In contrast, switchable solvents change physical properties abruptly upon application an external stimulus. Piperylene sulfone is one example and can provide a recyclable alternative for dipolar, aprotic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Solvents can accomplish more than heat and mass transfer; they can actively contribute to facilitate reaction and product separation while minimizing waste generation and energy consumption.

Solvents toward green chemical processes

243rd National Meeting (2012)

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