In sunscreen lotion (SSL) formulations, titanium dioxide (nTiO2) nanoparticles are generally coated with an Al(OH)3 layer to shield against the harmful effects of hydroxyl radicals (?OH), superoxide anion radicals (O2-�), and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e.g.  H2O2) generated when TiO2 nanoparticles are exposed to UV radiation. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure their structural stability in the environment where the protective layer may be compromised and adverse health and environmental effects can occur. Results indicate that the presence of chlorine (swimming pool water) and ions in the simulated sea water increase zeta potential rendering rather unstable TiO2 nanoparticles. Redistribution of a protective coating can be experimentally and statistically assessed using advanced analytic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc. Therefore, the outcome strongly suggests that water chemistry influences the characteristics of Al(OH)3- coated TiO2 in sunscreen environment.

Stability of the coating in TiO<sub>2</sub>-based sunscreens: Potential implications

244th National Meeting (2012)

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Stability of the coating in TiO2-based sunscreens: Potential implications

Stability of the coating in TiO₂-based sunscreens: Potential implications