The problem of DNA and protein alignment is the central problem of bioinformatics.  The first computer program that considered this problem,  the algorithm of Needleman�Wunsch, appeared in 1970.  It was followed by others, including BLAST, of D. J. Lipman et al in 1990, which remains one most widely used programs.  All results and novel insights in biology coming from Bioinformatics are due to computer processing of DNA and protein alignments.  However, the problem of DNA and protein alignment remained mathematically unsolved unit very recently, when novel tools of Graphical Bioinformatics, (e.g., amino acid adjacency matrix and nucleotide pairs adjacencies) were developed, and modified for very efficient search of DNA and protein alignments.  I will briefly outlined the basic steps of the exact solutions to the protein and DNA alignment � which solved exactly the problem that was around for more than 40 years unsolved rigorously.

Exact solution to the DNA and protein alignment problem

245th National Meeting (2013)

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