Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) is the most common component in human kidney stones. Stone pathogenesis can be inhibited by regulating nucleation, growth, aggregation and/or retention. In biomineralization, it is well known that small organic molecules can mediate crystal nucleation and growth. Here, we will discuss our studies employing a series of small organic molecules, such as citrate (a COM inhibitor with moderate efficacy) and various structural derivatives of citrate, to observe their effects on COM formation. Bulk crystallization studies using a combination of experimental techniques revealed the effect of growth inhibitors on crystal size and morphology. We used in situ atomic force microscopy to observe COM surface growth in real time. These studies revealed that organic molecules preferentially bind to different COM crystal surfaces and reduce the rate of growth. Collectively, these studies provide a platform for the rational design of crystal growth inhibitors and lead candidates for drug discovery.

Inhibition of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallization using small organic modifiers

245th National Meeting (2013)

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