Carbonaceous particulate emissions from jet aircraft are a significant source of emissions from airports near urban areas. Physical structure and surface chemistry are relevant towards assessing impacts of combustion-produced soot upon the environment and assessing health impacts. The Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment II (AAFEX II), a NASA-led ground-based field campaign was carried out at NASA Dryden facilities in Palmdale, California. The experiments were conducted on PM emissions as produced by a GE CFM-56-2C1 engine aboard a (NASA) DC-8 aircraft, parked on the runway. In this study, HRTEM and XPS are applied to analysis of nanostructure and elemental speciation in conjunction with surface chemistry, respectively, to particulate emissions from the engine. Fuels studied included JP-8, Hydro-treated Renewable Jet (HRJ), Fischer-Tropsch (FT), and 50:50 (JP-8 & HRJ) blends. Soot nanostructure evolution and surface chemical composition are discussed with respect to combustion conditions�engine power levels varied from 4% to 100%. Petroleum based JP-8 derived soot shows a nanostructure progression from amorphous to graphitic-like (gauged by lamella length) as a function of increasing engine power. In contrast soots from the renewable HRJ and FT fuels exhibit significant nanostructure at each power level. Soot particle composition as inferred from the XPS ratio for sp2/sp3 carbon is compared to soot nanostructure evolution for JP-8 fuel at selected powers with excellent agreement.

Characterization of particulate matter (PM) generated from commercial DC-8 jet burning  petroleum-based JP-8 and synthetic FJ and HRJ fuels

246th National Meeting (2013)

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