Typical SERS-based approaches to TNT detection rely on formation of charge-transfer complexes that enhance the intensity of pre-existing Raman bands via resonance Raman effects. Unfortunately, TNT-independent aggregation of nanoparticles in complex real-world matrices can produce similar increases in SERS intensity. We have developed TNT-sensitive, SERS-active nanoparticles with a built-in internal standard that allows straightforward �self-normalization� to correct for aggregation-induced changes in SERS intensities.  Previously tested for TNT in distilled water, this self-normalization approach has now been extended to determination of TNT in tap water, spiked environmental samples, and water spiked with specific interferences including NaCl, CaCl2, FeCl3, ammonium nitrate and amino acids. Low ppb limits of detection have been achieved in a variety of freshwater matrices, thereby demonstrating the versatility of this technique for real-world TNT detection.

Examination of matrix effects and individual interferents during SERS-based determination of trinitrotoluene (TNT)

247th National Meeting (2014)

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