The muscadine grape and its various products are well-known and well received in the southeastern United States. During grape cultivation ubiquitous fungi such as Aspergillus niger can be found in vineyards causing post-harvest decay. This fungus is associated with the secondary metabolite and mycotoxin fumonisin B2 (FB2). FB2 is known to cause human and animal toxicosis, and is considered a Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic in humans) carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). During this study a survey of commercially available muscadine wines from Florida, Mississippi, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, North Carolina, and Texas were analyzed for FB2 contamination. Previous research in Europe has shown FB2 contamination levels of wines from 1-25ppb. Currently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has no legal limit set for total fumonisin contamination (FB1+FB2+FB3) for beverages. However, contamination limits have been set for corn products for human consumption such as corn meal (2ppm), popcorn (3 ppm), and cleaned corn for masa (4ppm). Five ml wine aliquots were diluted with 15 ml 50 % methanol. Sample pH was adjusted to 6.5-7 with 2M tris buffer, then samples were clarified to remove any interfering compounds. Final sample preparation and analysis was conducted via the Veratox competitive ELISA kit (Neogen Corp, Lansing, Mi) at 650nm. Contamination levels in the wines were generally observed between 50 and 600ppb. With regard to human health, these contamination levels fall well below the tolerable daily intake limit of 2 �g/kg body weight for a 60 kg individual.

Commercial survey of muscadine (<i>Vitis rotundifolia</i>) wines in the southeastern U.S. for fumonisin B<sub>2</sub> contamination

248th National Meeting (2014)

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Commercial survey of muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) wines in the southeastern U.S. for fumonisin B2 contamination

Commercial survey of muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) wines in the southeastern U.S. for fumonisin B₂ contamination