Twenty two commonly used pesticides were measured in autumn, winter and summer water from three sites along the White Nile. Sites were selected to reflect effects from drainage canals and upstream sources. Collected samples were extracted and subject to gas chromatographic analysis. Pesticides residues were detected in 96% of the samples with residue burden of 4132.6 ngL-1 and respective grand average and range of 50.99 and ND-1570 ngL-1. Ororganochlorines were the most frequent contaminants detected in 70 % of samples causing total burden of 2852.8 ngL-1, followed by pyrethroids found in 15% of samples with total burden of 926.5 ngL-1. Tested herbicides were detected in ? 4 % of samples with total burden of 353.3 ngL-1, while organophosphorus insecticides were not detected. Levels detected were not high1-3. The most frequent contaminants were; Heptachlor and its epoxide (in 52% of samples) followed by DDTs (DDT and DDE, in 19% of samples), cypermethrin, fenvalerate (in 11% of samples) and pendimethalin (in < 4% of samples). HCH isomers (a, �, ? and d), endosulfan (a and �), DDD, ? cyhalothrin, deltamethrin and oxyflorfen were not detected. Levels were least in autumn, and followed by summer and winter. Contamination sources include drains in central Sudan and upstream sources. Both recent and old contaminations were indicated.

Pesticides residues in the White Nile water in the Sudan

248th National Meeting (2014)

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