Oxygen-rich high energy-dense oxidizers are important components of rocket propellants, air-bag inflators, missile propellants, and are used in fireworks, quarrying, tunneling, and mining applications. Ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4) is an energetic oxidant that is widely used in propellant and explosive formulations. Leaching of NH4ClO4 into groundwater has resulted in accumulation and hence, in human exposure. The size similarity of perchlorate and iodide ions results in a competition in the thyroid gland, which disrupts many metabolic pathways. Thus, new greener energetic oxidizers are being explored. Herein we describe a systematic study to understand the energetic properties and driving forces for energetic decompositions of peroxo-based oxygen-rich compounds. We report the synthesis, structure, and energetic properties of a series of dialkyl peroxides and hydroperoxides. Qualitative energetic properties are assessed by flame tests, electrostatic discharge sensitivity, and impact sensitivity. Less energetic organic peroxides deflagrate during the flame tests. The hydroperoxides 1,4-bis(dihydroperoxymethyl)benzene (1  ), 3,6-dihydroperoxy-3,6-dimethyl-1,2-dioxane(2  ), 3,5-dihydroperoxy-3,5-dimethyl-1,2-dioxolane (3  ), 1,1,4,4-tetrahydroperoxycyclohexane (4  ), 2,2,5,5-tetrahydroperoxy)-cis-3,6-dimethyloctahydropentalene (5  ), and 2,2,5,5-tetrahydroperoxyoctahydropentalene (6  ) are more energetic and produce sudden, bright yellow flames upon burning. These more energetic compounds are obtained by increasing the oxygen:carbon ratios and strain energies. Standard energetic material test results and quantitative energetic properties will also be described for use of peroxo-based oxygen-rich compounds as new high energy-dense oxidizers.

Peroxo-based oxygen-rich compounds with high oxygen: Carbon ratios and strain energies for use as new high energy-dense oxidizers

248th National Meeting (2014)

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