Gastric acid secretion (GAS) facilitates the digestion of protein and absorption of iron, calcium, and vitamin B-12, and prevents excessive bacterial overgrowth. In healthy subjects, GAS is precisely regulated in order to prevent damage to the stomach mucosa, and is activated by stimuli originating in the brain or by dietary stimuli such as dietary protein. Digestive bitters as well as betaine are commonly consumed to ease these symptoms and to promote digestion, although evidence on the effects of digestive bitters, and compounds thereof, on GAS is scarce. To (i) prove the hypothesis that bitter tasting beverages regulate GAS and to (ii) identify the bitter compounds responsible for this effect, different types of red and white wine, coffee and beer were studied for their effects on mechanisms of GAS in human parietal cells in culture and in human intervention studies. For each of these foods, a stimulating effect on mechanisms of GAS has been demonstrated, with organic acids, bitter acids and caffeine acting as key active compounds in wine (Liszt, K. I. et al. J. Agric Food Chem. 2012, 60, 7022-30), beer (Walker, J. et al. J. Agric Food Chem. 2012, 60, 1405-12) and coffee (Rubach, M. et al. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2012), respectively. The human gastric tumor cell line HGT-1 has been established as a model for i) identifying GAS inducing compounds and ii) compounds that are able to down-regulate GAS. HGT-1 cells (provided by Dr. C. Laboisse, Nantes / France) were demonstrated to express various genes of hTAS2R bitter receptor subtypes. By means of a knock-down approach, hTAS2R10 was identified to play a pivotal role in GAS following caffeine treatment. Exposure to bitter masking compounds significantly attenuated the caffeine response in HGT-1 cells as well as in a human intervention trial. FUNDING ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe financial support by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth and the Austrian National Foundation for Research, Technology and Development and by Symrise AG is gratefully acknowledged.

Identification of bitter compounds regulating gastric acid secretion through activation of TAS2R10

248th National Meeting (2014)

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