In this study, a novel polymer assembly is utilized to create ionic polymer composite actuators. Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) have been demonstrated in several instances and are pursued for their potential application as artificial muscles. These IPMCs utilize expensive and brittle layers of precious metal to operate. Here, we demonstrate the creation of ionic polymer-carbon composites (IPCCs), which demonstrate similar actuation properties as IPMCs without using any precious metals. These composites contain carbon fiber electrodes that are synthesized via electrospinning of a polyacrylonitrile/dimetylformamide solution and a subsequent heat treatment. The resulting electrode material is flexible, conductive (6 S/cm), and highly porous (96% porous by surface area). Following the synthesis of the electrodes, a Nafion ® ionomer solution is impregnated into the electrodes and a Nafion ® membrane is placed between the two electrodes. In operation, an applied voltage creates an ion concentration gradient in the Nafion ® membrane, which also establishes a water concentration gradient. This effect, confirmed through neutron imaging, causes asymmetric membrane swelling and deformation. Upon application of a +/- 5 V electric field, the IPCCs demonstrate noticeable actuation. Similarly, upon application of mechanical deformation a voltage of 1.3 mV/mm is generated across the device. Potential applications for these IPCCs include artificial muscles or flexible energy harvesting for use in clothing.

Ionic polymer-carbon composites as a new design for electroactive actuators and sensors

249th National Meeting (2015)

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