Seven fatty acid esters of 3-MCPD (3-MCPDEs) were synthetized and characterized for their purity and structures by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, infrared, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic analyses. Acute oral toxicity of 3-MCPDEs was determined in Swiss mice. The LD50 values were 2676.81, 2973.8, 2081.4, 2033.1, 5000, &gt; 5000, and &gt; 5000 mg/kg body weight for palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, 1-linoleic-2-palmitic, 1-palmitic-2-linoleic and di-palmitic acid esters, respectively, with major histopathological changes in kidney and testes. In addition, the mechanism(s) behind 3-MCPDE’s kidney toxicity was investigated using 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate in Sprague-Dawley rats. Analysis of Gene Ontology categories and KEGG pathways of the microarray data revealed that 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate might regulate miRNAs targeting multiple genes involved in the MAPK (JNK and ERK), p53 and apoptotic signal transduction pathways. Additional study using p53 knockout C57/BL/6J mice suggested that 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate induced tubular cells apoptosis by up-regulation of p53 and phosphorylated JNK or ERK.

Acute oral toxicity and nephrotoxicity mechanism(s) of selected fatty acid esters of 3-MCPD

249th National Meeting (2015)

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