We begin with a riddle: what exactly does quantum mechanics have to do with the local, regional, and even global impact of resource development and use on this planet? This talk looks specifically at one of the many possible answers to this conundrum, the answer that has to do with nanoscience and small particles, and how they form in conjunction with resource extraction, development, and waste disposal. Specifically, we will focus on incidental nanoparticles. Incidental nanoparticles are due to human activity, but their formation is completely unintentional, and most often unexpected. In the great majority of cases, they go completely unseen and otherwise unnoticed, yet they can have detrimental consequences on the environment and humans. We will also focus on the important distinction and consequences of the two principal types of incidental nanomaterials. Direct incidental nanoparticles form directly from some human activity, for example, fullerene formation due to the burning of fuel in diesel engines, or nano-byproducts of coal combustion. Indirect incidental nanoparticles form as a result of anthropogenic Earth modification, followed by natural production of nanomaterials that would not have occurred without the original human impact. An example is what occurs in conjunction with mining, from extraction to waste disposal, that modifies normal Earth surface processes, resulting in the Earth’s production of nanomaterials that would not normally be present at that place and time. Like all nanomaterials, incidental nanoparticles are capable of behavior that deviates, sometimes dramatically, from the bulk equivalent, and is best explained with quantum mechanics. From the standpoint of the environment, hyperactivity and the promotion of biotoxic reactivity is of greatest concern. This most commonly stems from quantum confinement, as well as valance and conduction band modifications in the smallest nanoparticles, often accompanied by mid-gap states due to the unpure nature of environmental materials.

Incidental nanoparticles, from quantum confinement to global issues:  An unintended and hidden consequence of resource development and use

251st National Meeting (2016)

The official archive and repository for all ACS Meetings & Expositions abstracts and select posters or presentations.