We have discovered niobium peroxide phosphate clusters under acidic conditions and examined their conversion to new thin-film compositions. Cluster formation in solution and condensation in thin films have been studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, small angle X-ray scattering, Raman spectroscopy, and pair distribution function analysis. Our findings show new ways to stabilize clusters at low pH and how the clusters may be converted to high-density thin films with defined refractive indexes.

Amorphous niobium phosphate thin films from clusters in water

253rd National Meeting (2017)

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