Biodiesel has become more attractive for the past decade because of its environmental benefits compared to petrodiesel, however some of recent studies have shown that more saturated or oxidized biodiesel may increase emissions of some pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and aldehydes. Thus, the net effect of biodiesel fuel implementation on air quality and human health remains unclear, especially for unregulated emissions. Nitro-PAHs (n-PAHs) are recognized as environmental carcinogens that can be formed directly through nitration during the combustion process, or by reactions of mother PAHs with hydroxyl and nitrate radicals in the presence of NOx. Carbonyl compounds, also typical components in exhaust PM from biodiesel combustion, are also toxic and have been defined as mutagens and carcinogens. Here, a light-duty diesel VW engine dynamometer was used to study the detailed exhaust PM chemical composition from various biodiesel blends, Bxx (B00, B10, B20, B50, and B100) of two biodiesel feedstocks, soybean (SOY) and waste vegetable oil (WVO), blended with ultralow sulfur petrodiesel. Thermal desorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) followed microextraction and O-2,3,4,5,6-(pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine (PFBHA) derivatization of carbonyl compounds. The emission rates of particle-bound N-PAHs and carbonyls will be reported to compare SOY and WVO biodiesel blends effects on particle toxicity. In the end, although numerous biodiesel emissions studies exist, there are limited studies on biodiesel PM exhaust organic chemical composition combined with particle toxicity, so results of parallel studies on cell exposure to the same PM will be included to help clarify the relationships between biological effects of biodiesel emissions and particle polar organic species composition.

Impact of biodiesel blends on chemical composition of nitro-PAH and carbonyl compound emissions and stimulation of inflammatory responses in cells

253rd National Meeting (2017)

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