The bias-voltage dependence of tunneling current in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is used to probe the local density of states around metals in multiple-metal-center molecules.  When molecules are prepared in mixed-valence states, STM reveals a measurable difference in electronic contrast between metal centers, even in otherwise geometrically symmetric molecules.  The extent of charge localization observed depends on the nature of the covalent linker that connects the metal centers, as well as the interaction of the molecule with the underlying substrate.

Mixed-valence molecules:  Direct imaging of intramolecular charge distribution by STM

253rd National Meeting (2017)

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