Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic metabolic disorder that currently affects 29 million Americans and is predicted to double within the next 25 years. While the major causes of diabetes are unknown, recent studies have focused on dietary factors that may be involved in this disease. It is characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance causing, non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, where glucose in the bloodstream attaches itself onto proteins creating a glycated protein with compromised function. The increased protein glycosylation the pathologic consequences of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) implicated in type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, degenerative diseases arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, end-stage renal disease, neuropathy, cataract formation can be prevented if the reactive intermediates of early glycosylation products are pharmacologically blocked. A highly reactive methylglyoxal (MGO), a potent cytotoxic formed due to chronic raised glucose levels in the blood is about 20,000 times more reactive than glucose. Previously we have shown okra seeds and curcumin polyphenolics can trap MGO and counteract protein glycation. Present studies describe whether Karela (Momordica charantia) peel extract (KPE) also has similar MGO trapping properties. The anti-glycation activity of Karela Peel extracts (KPE) was studied by modifying BSA, HSA with MGO and analyzed via fluorescence spectroscopy and AGE-associated changes in protein concentration measured via Nano drop-UV-Vis. Comparative inhibitory activity showed: okra seed extract ( 70%), metformin (80%) and aminoguanidine (70%), and KPE (50-55%) . MGO trapping experiments with KPE exhibited the formation of adducts as elucidated with OSE previously. Briefly, 200 µL KPE was added to MGO (100µl), 50µl (C2H5)3N, and 50µl CH3COOH and microwaved for 40 seconds. This was resolved and analyzed by analytical and preparatory TLC in the solvent system CHCl3:CH3OH (6:3.75 v/v), Rf = 0.73, Rf= 0.24. UV-visible Nano-drop KPE [λmax=226 nm, 275 nm, 326 nm], RM [λmax= 265 nm, 400 nm]. The MGO scavenging and anti-glycation properties of karela peel have clinical relevance for preventing complications associated with Type II diabetes. KPE when combined with biguanides and okra seed, has a synergistic effect in reducing glycation, making it a potential anti-diabetic agent. The Chemically engineered encapsulated Karela Peel nanoparticles will be helpful in elucidating their role in Nanomedicine.

Bioactive compounds present in karela peel extract [Momordica charantia]: Potential inhibitors of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and implications in diabetes type 2 patients

253rd National Meeting (2017)

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