Fenugreek, or <i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i> Linn. (Leguminosae) is one of the oldest known leguminous vegetable/plant with dietary and medicinal uses. Its seeds are the most frequently used part of the plant in a variety of diseases in Indian, Middle Eastern and Mediterranean countries. Over the past decades, more than 50 chemical constituents have been isolated and purified from fenugreek seeds. This includes wide range of phytochemicals including carbohydrate (mucilaginous fiber, galactomannan), proteins, alkaloids (trigonelline and choline), flavonoid glycosides (vicenin 1), furostanol glycosides (trigoneoside Ib), free amino acids (4- hydroxyisoleucine, arginine, lysine, histidine), saponins (Diosgenin, and yuccagenin), vitamins and mucilage. One of the phytoconstituents that is present in abundance in fenugreek seeds is glycoside. These include a variety of furostanol  and flavonol glycosides. Furostanol glycosides are known to be responsible for androgenic and anabolic and anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic properties whereas flavonoid glycosides possess platelet aggregation inhibition and anti-oxidant properties.<br/>All these ingredients have a broad spectrum of biological activities including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, insulinotropic, antidiabetic, hypocholesterolemic, antifertility and anticancer activity. Standardized fenugreek seed extract (SFSE) contained the Trigoneoside 1b (76%) and vicenin-1 (14%), water-soluble flavonoids have been reported to have potent radio-protectant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and metal chelating activities. SFSE-G (glycoside) might acting by increasing testosterone secretion by interstitial cells (leydig cell) of the testis and also showed anti-fibrotic efficacy executed through induction of Nrf2, which in turn may modulate anti-inflammatory molecules, inhibit fibrogenic molecules and decreased apoptosis to ameliorate bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Polyphenols from fenugreek: Wellness and medicinal uses

253rd National Meeting (2017)

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