For fixed beds and grate fired boilers using biomass, sintering and slagging on the grate and in the burner as well as formation of fine (&lt;1 µm) particle emissions, are two major technical and environmental concerns. The research is here focused on the underlying physical and chemical ash processes related to e.g. phase transformations, melting properties and volatility (release). Of most concern here, for primary ash reactions, are the behavior of K, Ca, Si, P and S. Within two decades of research, we have assessed these issues for over 50 different biomass fuels of various kinds, combusted in small-, medium- and large scale grate boilers. Detailed chemical characterization (SEM-EDS and XRD) have given a unique insight in the chemical characteristics of different ash fractions and aerosol emissions. More recently, the research have been dedicated to elucidate the time-resolved physical- and chemical ash transformations during the fuel conversion in combustion and gasification processes. To facilitated this, a combination of advanced experimental and analytical tools needs to be used, here illustrated by our latest developments regarding the application of e.g. single fuel particle reactors (macro/micro-TGA, drop-tubes), laser spectroscopic tools (e.g. TDLAS), SEM-EDS/WDS, P-XRD, ICP-AES/MS, and X-ray imaging (tomography). This presentation will highlight the research performed on the ash chemistry behind slagging and aerosol formation in fixed bed biomass systems and give both the perspectives of 20 years of research as well as highlights from the new developments and discoveries within the field.<br/>

Ash transformation chemistry in biomass fixed beds with focus on slagging and aerosols: 20 years of research and new developments

254th National Meeting (2017)

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