Graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials have unique physical and chemical properties, including large surface area, ultra-small thickness, and tunable electronic band structure, which are all high desirable for biosensing applications. However, most biological samples such as cells have 3D geometries.  In order to maximize the interaction between graphene and biological samples, and utilize the advantages of 2D materials to their full potential, it is necessary to fabricate 3D structures that can conformally coat or encapsulate the cell. We developed a temperature responsive method to fold or assemble graphene into 3D geometries, by non-covalently functionalizing graphene with thermo-responsive polymer brushes. The 3D graphene microstructures were used to encapsulate 3D objects and live cells. Moreover, by decorating the surface of graphene with high density silver nanoparticles, the Raman signals from live cells are significantly enhanced, which enables highly sensitive 3D analysis of the biological cells. Such ultra-thin, flexible, and biocompatible 3D structures provide a new platform for bioelectronics, biosensing and drug delivery.

Responsive, programmable assembly of 2D materials into 3D structures for biosensing

254th National Meeting (2017)

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